Issues in Recruitment and Training of Judicial and Criminal Justice Officials

(1) Employment system to recruit appropriate persons as criminal justice officials

(2) Education system to invest criminal justice officials with necessary knowledge and skills and to sustain ethics

(3) Personnel management and training system to reduce local the differences in the quality of criminal justice officials

Enhancement of Community-Based Alternatives to Incarceration at All Stages of the Criminal Justice Process.

Reform of the Criminal Justice System: Introducing the Views of Crime Victims and Improving Offender Treatment, Taking into Account the Risks and Needs of Offenders.

International cooperation in criminal justice.

(1) Current situation regarding transnational crime and offenders who commit such crime which requires international cooperation in the field of criminal justice.

(2) Several problems and solutions for information exchange and promotion of cooperation among investigation agencies worldwide.

(3) Several problems and solutions for international investigation and mutual legal assistance worldwide.

(4) Several problems and solutions for turning fugitives over.

(5) Problems and countermeasures relating to the execution of sentences associated with transnational crime, i.e. transfer of inmates to other countries.

Towards a criminal justice system that can meet the challenges of globalization and reflects the citizen’s point of view.

(1) Globalization of crime and measures in coping with it in the criminal justice system (police; prosecution; court; the treatment of offenders in an institution/society).

(2) Measures to incorporate viewpoints of citizens including victims in the criminal justice system (police; prosecution; court; the treatment of offenders in an institution/society).

Protection of human rights for suspects and defendants in criminal proceedings and utilization of non-custodial measures in the criminal justice system.

(1) Present systems, situations and problems of human rights protection for suspects and defendants (in light of harmonization with international standards and the public interests of each country).

(2) Present systems, situations, problems and effective utilization of non-custodial measures for offenders in the criminal justice system.

Establishment of an effective criminal justice system in accordance with United Nations Standards and Norms - Exploring adequate protection of rights of persons concerned in the criminal justice process and the realization of the punishment of offenders.

(1) United Nations' standards and norms of rights and role of suspects, defendants and victims.

(2) Present circumstances, problems of status of suspects and defendants in criminal procedure

(3) Present circumstances, problems of access to legislative services, including legislative aid in criminal justice.

(4) Current situation and problems related to the status of victims of crime and their protection in the criminal justice process.

(5) Current situation and problems relating to the conditions under which prisoners are kept during the execution of their sentence.

International cooperation in crime prevention and criminal justice.

(Mainly focused upon the situation relating to the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime).

(1) Cases and problems for international organized crime.

(2) Circumstances and effective measures of implementation for the New Treaty on Drugs.

(3) Problems which need civil law reform and measures for ratification of the Treaty of?International Organized Crime Prevention (except attachment protocol).

(4) Cases, problems and measures for international cooperation in criminal procedure regarding information exchange, mutual help in investigation, turning fugitives over and removing convicts.

Changes in the criminal justice system.

(1) Present circumstances, problems and solutions for changes in criminal justice reform in the investigation field.

(2) Present circumstances, problems and solutions for changes in criminal justice reform in the prosecution field.

(3) Present circumstances, problems and solutions for changes in criminal justice reform in the trial system.

(4) Present circumstances, problems and solutions for changes in criminal justice reform in offender treatment.

(5) Present circumstances, problems and solutions for changes in criminal justice reform in legislation.

International cooperation in criminal justice.

(1) Current situation regarding transnational crime and offenders who commit such crime which requires international cooperation in the field of criminal justice.

(2) Several problems and solutions for information exchange and promotion of cooperation among investigation agencies worldwide.

(3) Several problems and solutions for turning fugitives over.

(4) Several problems and solutions for international investigation and mutual legal assistance worldwide.

(5) Problems and countermeasures relating to the execution of sentences associated with transnational crime, i.e. transfer of inmates to other countries.

Involvement and cooperation of citizens and victims in the criminal justice system.

(1) Involvement and cooperation of citizens and victims in the investigation.

(2) Involvement and cooperation of citizens and victims in the prosecution.

(3) Involvement and cooperation of citizens and victims in the trial.

(4) Involvement and cooperation of citizens and victims in the treatment of offenders.

(1) Independence of jurisdiction.

(2) Right ofinvestigation.

(3) Right of prosecution.

(4) Jurisdiction.

(5) Right of execution.

(6) Relationship between right of investigation and right of prosecution.

(7) Relationship between right of prosecution and jurisdiction.

(8) Relationship between jurisdiction and right of execution.

General remarks: Factors in effective utilization of criminal justice.

Details: Effective administration of criminal justice for juveniles

General remarks.

(1) Position in the national institution.

(2) Requirement and examination system for becoming institution officials, promotion system, system of changing jobs and retirement, and retiring age.

(3) Relationship between central government and local government.

(4) Each Institution's authority, empowered affairs and their substance and range.

(5) Outline of criminal procedure.

Details: Public official's corruption control.

(2) Criminal justice system in Japan.

(3) Criminal justice system in the People's Republic of China.